CAUSATIVE HAVE VS PRESENT PERFECT
The causative means that someone other
than ourselves does something for us. Therefore, we usually make an arrangement
with a professional to do to it. Maybe it’s difficult, impossible or we simply
don’t want to do it.
a) She’s having her house painted.
b) We’ve had the carpets cleaned.
c) They’ll be having their dinner served
at half past eight.
d) We’ve been having our garden remodeled.
2) If we want to know who did the action, we can
use the by agent.
a) He’s having his tattoo done by one of
the best experts in the city.
b) Every Saturday we have our car cleaned by a local
lad in the village.
c) She had had her nails done before her
hair was cut by Sassoon.
d) They’ll have had their meal served by the
time we arrive.
3) We also use the causative form to talk about
bad experiences or mishaps.
a) They’ve had their suitcases stolen at
the airport.
b) We’ve had our electricity cut off all day.
c) I had my car lights smashed by vandals.
d) He had his garden destroyed by the storm.
4) There are three verbs we
shall use in causative; HAVE, GET & MAKE. Let’s compare the difference.
a) He has the lawn mown every weekend by
his son. (He does not do it.)
HAVE + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
b) He got his son to mow the lawn for him. (He
persuaded his son to do it for him.)
GET + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE
c) He got the lawn mown by his son. (He
asked him to do it for him.)
GET + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
d) He made his son mow the lawn. (He insisted or
ordered his son do it.)
MAKE + OBJECT + BARE INFINITIVE
5) Although HAVE and MAKE give the impression
that someone causes an action to be done by a third person, you might have
noticed that there is a difference between the two.
a) She has her son’s bedroom cleaned.
b) She made her son clean his bedroom.
c) They always get their homework done on
time.
d) The teacher always makes them do their homework.
6) GET is considered more informal and we tend
to use it in spoken English. We shall also use GET when the subject does the
action.
a) They always get their homework done on
time.
b) He got the lawn mown before lunch.
c) I got all the ingredients prepared
before cooking the paella.
d) You had better get organized or you’ll be lat
Present perfect tense
adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aksi
atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik
waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.
Rumus Present Perfect Tense
Present
perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “have” atau “has”, dan past participle (verb-3). Have digunakan
untuk I, you, they, we,
sedangkan has untuk he, she, it,
dan orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan past participle dapat berupa regular atau irregular verb.
Dengan
demikian rumus present perfect tense untuk kalimat positif,
negatif, dan interogatif adalah sebagai berikut.
Kalimat
|
Rumus
|
Contoh Present Perfect Tense
|
positif
(+) |
S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past
participle
|
I have read
|
He has left
|
||
negatif
(-) |
S + aux. verb(have/has) + not + V-3/past
participle
|
I have not read
|
He hasn’t left
|
||
interogatif
(?) |
aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past
participle
|
Have I read
|
Has he left
|
Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense
Beberapa contoh kalimat present perfect tense dengan
fungsi-fungsinya adalah sebagai berikut.
Fungsi
|
Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense
|
Present perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lalu
tanpa peduli kapan tepatnya terjadi.
|
Can you recommend the most delicious
seafood restaurant in this town? Yes, I’ve visited all of them.
(Dapatkah kamu merekomendasikan restoran seafood paling lezat di kota ini? Ya, saya telah mengunjungi semuanya.) |
I’ve read this book.
(Saya sudah membaca buku ini.) |
|
Present perfect tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi
berulang kali dimasa lampau (adverb of number dapat digunakan).
|
She has called you three
times.
(Dia sudah meneleponmu tiga kali.) |
Present perfect tense untuk mengungkapkan aktivitas atau situasi
yang dimulai pada masa lampau kemudian dilanjutkan sampai sekarang (belum
selesai).
|
I have
lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
(Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.) |
She has
studied in French since April.
(Saya telah sekolah di Perancis sejak bulan April.) |
|
My brother
has worked already/lately/ up to now.
(Saudaraku sudah bekerja sampai sekarang.) |
|
Present perfect tense untuk membicarakan event yang baru
saja terjadi (adverb “just” dapat digunakan).
|
I’ve
just sent you an email.
(Saya baru saja mengirimkan kamu email.) |
The rain’s
just stopped.
(Hujan baru saja berhenti.) [the rain's = the rain has; lihat contraction & apostrophe] |
TENSE
|
ACTIVE
|
CAUSATIVE FORM
|
|
PRESENT SIMPLE
|
He makes Sushi.
|
He has Sushi made.
|
|
-ING FORM
|
He loves making Sushi.
|
He loves having Sushi made.
|
|
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
|
He is making Sushi.
|
He is having Sushi made.
|
|
PAST SIMPLE
|
He made Sushi.
|
He had Sushi made.
|
|
PAST CONTINUOUS
|
He was making Sushi.
|
He was having Sushi made.
|
|
PRESENT PERFECT
|
He has made Sushi.
|
He has had Sushi made.
|
|
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
|
He has been making Sushi.
|
He has been having Sushi made.
|
|
PAST PERFECT
|
He had made Sushi.
|
He had had Sushi made.
|
|
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
|
He had been making Sushi.
|
He had been having Sushi made.
|
|
BE GOING TO
|
He is going to make Sushi.
|
He is going to have Sushi made.
|
|
FUTURE SIMPLE
|
He will make Sushi.
|
He will have Sushi made.
|
|
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
|
He will be making Sushi.
|
He will be having Sushi made.
|
|
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
|
He would make Sushi.
|
He would have Sushi made.
|
|
PRESENT CONDITIONAL
CONTINUOUS
|
He would be making Sushi.
|
He would be having Sushi made.
|
|
PRESENT PERFECT
CONDITIONAL
|
He would have made Sushi.
|
He would have had Sushi made.
|
|
MODALS & SEMI-
MODALS
|
can
|
He can make Sushi.
|
He can have Sushi made.
|
could
|
He could make Sushi.
|
He could have Sushi made.
|
|
must
|
He must make Sushi.
|
He must have Sushi made.
|
|
should
|
He should make Sushi.
|
He should have Sushi made.
|
|
ought to
|
He ought to make Sushi.
|
He ought to have Sushi made.
|
|
may
|
He may make Sushi.
|
He may have Sushi made.
|
|
might
|
He might make Sushi.
|
He might have Sushi made.
|
|
will
|
He will make Sushi.
|
He will have Sushi made.
|
|
have /has to
|
He has to make Sushi.
|
He has to have Sushi made.
|
|
have / has got to
|
He has got to make Sushi.
|
He has got to have Sushi made.
|
|
needs to
|
He needs to make Sushi.
|
He needs to have Sushi made.
|
|
needn’t
|
He needn’t make Sushi.
|
He needn’t have Sushi made.
|
|
had better
|
He had better make Sushi.
|
He had better have Sushi made.
|
|
|
used to
|
He used to make Sushi.
|
He used to have Sushi made.
|
MODAL PERFECT
|
can’t have
|
He can’t have made Sushi.
|
He can’t have had Sushi made.
|
could have
|
He could have made Sushi.
|
He could have had Sushi made
|
|
must have
|
He must have made Sushi.
|
He must have had Sushi made.
|
|
should have
|
He should have made Sushi.
|
He should have had Sushi made.
|
|
may have
|
He may have make Sushi.
|
He may have had Sushi made.
|
|
might have
|
He might have made Sushi.
|
He might have had Sushi made.
|
|
will have
|
He will have made Sushi.
|
He will have had Sushi made.
|